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2020

A Colour A Day: Week 38. 7 - 13 December - Cobalts
A Colour A Day: Week 38. 7 - 13 December - Cobalts, Jo Volley, 2020

Each pigment is bound in gum Arabic on W&N watercolour paper and read from left to right:Cobalt Violet DarkCobalt GreenCobalt Violet BrilliantCobalt Yellow PaleCobalt Green BluishCobalt Violet Cobalt Titanate Green

A Colour A Day
Week 38,  7 - 13 December 2020

Follow Jo Volley's A Colour a Day project,  a year-long project to celebrate one colour each day by recording a swatch of it,  on The Pigment Timeline Blog:  https://blogs.ucl.ac.uk/pigment-timeline .

This week’s colours are accompanied with a text by Robert Mead in response to the cobalts.

Cobalt: Pigment of Hope and Destruction

Robert Mead

Cobalt shares an entwined history with both painting and technology. The mineral is capable of producing a range of different colours - perhaps the most commonly known is Cobalt Blue. This is a cobalt aluminate pigment and was first discovered in 1775 – with further modern production achieved in 1777, where the moistening of aluminium compounds with a cobalt solution turned blue and strongly calcined.

A variety of other colours can be produced through cobalt; a range of violets can be created through a variety of different compounds – such as cobalt magnesium arsenate – and cobalt phosphate octahydrate. Cobalt Green has been made by multiple processes including the direct mixture of cobalt blue with ‘chromic’ yellow or a combination of cobalt and zinc or iron oxide. Cobalt Yellow is a potassium cobalt nitrate, first synthesised in 1831 – through the reaction between potassium nitrite and cobalt salts, creating a crystalline mass.

Using cobalt, we are able to produce range of wonderful and unique colours. However, as a mineral its demand has increased alongside the development of new technologies – as a key component of batteries in laptops, phones and increasingly electric cars. The main source of cobalt extraction is in The Democratic Republic of Congo, whose history of colonisation by Belgium from 1869–1908 through to its independence in the 1960s is entwined with the desire for its available supply of minerals such as diamonds, copper and uranium. Now major western companies such as Apple, Dell and Microsoft have bought into the mining industry there, as cobalt suppliers for their lithium batteries, this high demand has led to quarries operating with dangerous conditions and often using child labour.

Furthermore, both the pigment and the mineral itself hold highly toxic particles and when consumed or inhaled and can cause major health risk - increased through poor mining conditions. Further increasing the demand for cobalt is the development of electric cars. As we attempt to offset the climate crisis by moving to using electric vehicles, companies such as BMW and Tesla have also invested heavily in cobalt mining to acquire the material for powering them. In this case, cobalt is at the centre of paradox between hope for moving away from fossil fuels and towards clean electric energy and the negative consequences its acquisition results in.

Without sustainable mining methods, its production is tainted by this problematic discord.In reflecting on cobalt’s significance for our future, it seems prescient that it was the key ingredient in what was considered the doomsday weapon of the Cold War – the Cobalt Bomb (or C-Bomb), theoretically capable of wiping out all human life on the planet and featuring in films such as Beneath the Planet of the Apes and Dr Strangelove. The use of cobalt would allow a much higher level of fallout to be released from detonation, many times greater than the level of residual radiation still present in the strata of the Earth from the era of nuclear testing.

When we look at the alluring colours it can produce we can also consider that cobalt pigments are entwined with both our colonial and technological history and humanities attempts at both healing and destruction.


Robert Mead is a painter and PhD researcher at the Slade School of Fine Art. The aim of his research is to make paintings that form emotive connections between the viewer and our environment which draw them into wider hidden discourses. Robert says of his work; 'Moving through the strata of my paintings digs up histories and ghosts that we may not wish to confront but are bound to our past’ .

Each pigment is bound in gum Arabic on W&N watercolour paper and read from left to right:

Cobalt Violet Dark
Cobalt Green
Cobalt Violet Brilliant
Cobalt Yellow Pale
Cobalt Green Bluish
Cobalt Violet
Cobalt Titanate Green

Provost Professor Michael Arthur
Provost Professor Michael Arthur, Ellis Parkinson, 2020, Tintype

Ellis Parkinson Provost Portait Competition winner 2020

UCL’s current President & Provost Professor Michael Arthur will be stepping down from the role at the end of this month after seven years. To commemorate the end of UCL Provost Michael Arthur's term of office and as a record of his leadership, one of UCL’s distinguished Hong Kong alumni, Vincent Cheung, generously sponsored the Slade School of Fine Art to offer a photographic portrait of the Provost as a gift.

Ellis Parkinson photographs Provost Michael Arthur for Provost Portrait Competition 2020

Ellis Parkinson photographs Provost Michael Arthur for Provost Portrait Competition 2020

Ellis Parkinson photographs Provost Michael Arthur for Provost Portrait Competition 2020

Ellis Parkinson photographs Provost Michael Arthur for Provost Portrait Competition 2020

Ellis gave a short interview about the commission and his approach.

What is the concept behind the commission?
When considering the brief of this task, I thought a lot about where we are today as individuals. How quickly things can change, how important our individual actions are and can be, as well as how significant of a moment we find ourselves in, socially and politically. I thought about a number of processes that I felt reflected this feeling and the one I considered the best is that of Tintype Photography. I wanted to counter the impermanence and uncertainty of our current moment with something tangible, with something that will last for generations to come. Today the Tintype is considered a non-standard method by which to capture photos, but their fine quality and rich history speak exactly to an aesthetic which I consider the model for a situation such as commemorating the proverbial changing of the UCL guard. The Tintype is an honest method of photographic production; it refuses to glaze over imperfections and bares all to the world, something that I feel is very important not just in terms of the current moment, but also when evaluating prominent figures within an institution such as UCL.

Can you tell us about the photography technique you are using?
The creation of a Tintype is a highly unpredictable process; the slightest chemical imbalance, light exposure or miscalculation can destroy the photo, which under normal circumstances is lost permanently. A Tintype Photograph is taken in multiple stages. The first is to coat a sheet of metal, most commonly 4x5 inches or 8x10 inches, in Collodion emulsion. This part of the process is usually done in a darkroom as the emulsion is light sensitive and the sheet is placed in a sleeve so that no unwanted light is able to reach the plate. The plate is then loaded into the photographic bellows. Next, the shot is choreographed and appropriately lit. Collodion has a very low ISO, so lighting will be key when the photo is taken. Once the shutter is hit, the subject is flooded with light and the photographic portion of the process is over. The plate is then encased in its sleeve and returned to the darkroom. Afterwards, it is coated in a developer keyed to the emulsion’s ISO until the negative image begins to reveal itself. The solution is then washed off to prevent overexposure and submerged in a liquid fixative under direct UV light, and with that, you have a fully formed Tintype photograph. The Tintype is a photographic process that has a particularly prolific and diverse history, some of which UCL itself is directly entangled in. I felt that by conducting a portrait in this way, I am fully embodying the UCL verbage of ‘Understanding the Past, Challenging the Present and Shaping the Future’.

How does this commission relate to your art practice?
First and foremost, my practice is formed around creating outcomes that I have a personal interest and attachment to, the defining factor here being the opportunity to create a piece reflective of historical methods of artistic production in a modern setting. Whilst researching the Tintype process I became enamored with its history, and the multicultural view it presented me of America in the 1800s. In a time that the media would have you believe was dominated by white leaders and figures of significance, I saw black and native American men, women and children who contributed just as much to the construction, image and aesthetic of the period as anybody else. The history of the Tintype is representative of a multicultural inclusion that has been overwritten and should be celebrated, rather than forgotten. Something that I have always maintained within my practice is a diverse and eclectic portfolio that is fueled by continual experimentation and pushing of the boundaries – visually, practically and ideologically. Experimentation is one of the core tenets of my practice. As well as this, much of my working practice whilst I have been a student here has revolved around deconstructing institutional barriers and being able to interact with someone at the apex of our academic structure will surely inform this aspect of my working practice.

Six Bells Red
Six Bells Red, Onya McCausland, December 2020

Arved Colvin-Smith

Onya McCausland launches (online and with a physical presence at Six Bells Mine Water Treatment Scheme in Wales) the first colour in the range called ‘Six Bells Red’ on Friday 11 December at 12noon. Join on Zoom:  https://ucl.zoom.us/j/92082269256. To find out more about her research, see the turninglandscape.com website.

Onya McCausland, an artist graduated from UCL Slade School of Fine Art, has produced the first ever exterior / interior grade mineral based emulsion wall paint made from 100% waste ochre materials. Onya has also created a collection of paintings called ‘Colour From The Mines’ (see here for details  https://onyamccausland.com/ucl/  and https://onyamccausland.com/europe/

Friday 11th December sees the launch (online and with a physical presence at Six Bells Mine Water Treatment Scheme in Wales) of the first colour in the range called ‘Six Bells Red’

  • Six Bells Red is a first edition.  It has been specially created - burnt at a specific temperature - and thereby producing a limited amount of this particular pigment. 
  • This will be a special limited edition of 100 one litre tins. Up to 50 tins will be given to the public and organisations across Gwent for the opportunity to participate in the project by painting buildings, houses, doors, gates and walls. 
  • In addition, 1,000 tubes of artists’ oil paint named ‘Six Bells Burnt Ochre’ (each with its own individual serial number) will be made available for sale at www.turninglandscape.com, retailing for £25. All proceeds from Turning Landscape CIC (Community Interest Company) sales will be recycled back into the project to fund more paint creation - alongside an art education programme at Six Bells. 
  • A cast iron plaque with a map of the site will be installed at the site, marking it as the source of the paint. The plaque will be visible from the footpath at the far north end of the perimeter fence.  

Onya McCausland, who developed the idea of turning recycled coal mine sludge into paint while studying for her PhD at the Slade, visited mine sites across former British coalfield locations in South Wales, Scotland, Lancashire and Yorkshire.

Onya travelled around the country collecting samples of ochre to take back to a UCL laboratory and her studio where through painting, she discovered striking differences between the colours depending on their geographic location. 

Onya's practice develops an original and innovative approach to the role of the art object by making paint - including integrating its site of formation - as an artwork, that is co-produced with manufacturers and members of the local ex-mining community. Paint in tubes and tins are considered as ‘art objects’ or editioned prints for distribution and use by the community. Onya wants to encourage individuals and organisations to take up using this paint as part of a collective multi part public artwork next year. It will be free to local residents on application.  

Onya McCausland said, "The mine water treatment schemes are the really important link between the colour, the material and the place. They reflect an important part of Britain’s cultural, social and industrial history and legacy.” 

The project has been funded by the Leverhulme Trust, the Slade School of Fine Art and UCLI&E, a group of specialists at UCL who help its academics and students turn their ideas into reality.  

UCLI&E help has included guidance and advice as well as funding from its Knowledge Exchange Fund.  UCLI&E support has also enabled the commercialisation of the paints and engagement of local communities to help bring the initiative to life. It has also been supported by Michael Harding Paints. 

SHERDS poster
SHERDS poster, 2020

Nastassja Simensky and Rebecca Lee's SHERDS: Five Verses on Six Sacks of Earth will be live on Radiophrenia, a temporary radio station, on 19 November 2020, 4:00 - 5:30 pm (GMT).

SHERDS is an experimental work based on a six-week archaeological dig which took place at Malkin Tower Farm in Pendle, during the hot summer of 2018. Performed by an ensemble of musicians, archaeologists and vocalists, SHERDS brings together spoken word, improvisation, vibrating rocks, field recordings, live audio and new compositions. The programme draws on the specialisms of each of the ensemble to collapse, unearth, backfill and reassemble the rhythms and processes of archaeological excavation, changing land-use and herstory.

Performed by Alison Cooper, Bobby Cotterill, Caroline Trutz, Kelly Jayne Jones, Nastassja Simensky, Rebecca Lee, Sophie Cooper, Rebecca Atherton and Bernie Velvick. Spoken Word from archaeologists Danielle Knights, Katy Soar, Catherine Reardon, Rick Peterson and Aidan Parker and local historian John Claydon.  

SHERDS is developed from a commission by Pendle Hill Landscape Partnership and In-Situ, is funded by Sound and Music, Jerwood Arts, Arts Council England, and The National Lottery Heritage Fund, and supported by The Harris and Nottingham Contemporary.

To listen online use the Chrome web browser to open the pop out player on Radiophrenia’s website

Radiophrenia is also broadcast across Glasgow on 87.9 FM, on Resonance Extra via its website, TuneIn and Radioplayer and on DAB+ Digital Radio in Brighton & Hove, central Bristol, Cambridge, Greater London and Norwich.

The broadcast schedule includes a series of 20 newly commissioned radio works, live shows and pre-recorded features. Check out the rest of Radiophrenia’s lineup on their website.